To solve (any) issue the best is to divide it into smaller steps.
I’ve created a function replacement_for which returns the corresponding string from tuple, ie. for :id it will return "provider_id" and so on.
Then, the function replace_keys which replaces the keys for the single map.

defmodule R do
  defp replacement_for(key, tuple) do
    tuple
    |> Enum.find(fn {x, _} -> x == to_string(key) end)
    |> elem(1)
  end

  def replace_keys(map, tuple) do
    for {k, v} <- map, into: %{}, do: {replacement_for(k, tuple), v}
  end
end

All you need to do now, is just use the replace_keys in Enum.map (or for comprehension, as you wish):

Enum.map(list_of_maps, fn m -> R.replace_keys(m, tuple) end)