Complete solution thank to @al2o3cr answer

defmodule ETS.Consume do
  @moduledoc """
  History by key, month, age, value

    r ETS.Consume

    ETS.Consume.scenario()

    table = ETS.Consume.start()
    ETS.Consume.populate(table)
    ETS.Consume.list(table, "12345678901")
    ETS.Consume.list_period(table, "12345678901", 2, 2021, 10, 2021)
  """
  @table :cons
  @opts [:ordered_set, :protected]
  def start do
    :ets.new(@table, @opts)
  end

  def index(age, month) do
    age * 100 + month
  end

  def insert(ref, key, month, age, bytes) do
    index = index(age, month)
    key = {key, index, age, month}

    :ets.insert(ref, {key, bytes})
  end

  def list(table, key) do
    :ets.match(table, {{key, :_, :"$1", :"$2"}, :"$3"})
  end

  def list_period(table, key, begin_month, begin_age, end_month, end_age) do
    begindex = index(begin_age, begin_month)
    endex = index(end_age, end_month)

    # :ets.fun2ms(
    #   fn {{key, index, month, age}, bytes} = _entry when
    #     key == "12345678901" and
    #     index >= 202301 and index <= 202312 ->
    #         {month, age, bytes}
    # end)
    match_spec = [
      {{{:"$1", :"$2", :"$3", :"$4"}, :"$5"},
       [
         {:andalso, {:andalso, {:==, :"$1", key}, {:>=, :"$2", begindex}},
          {:"=<", :"$2", endex}}
       ], [{{:"$3", :"$4", :"$5"}}]}
    ]


    :ets.select(table, match_spec)
  end

  def populate(table) do
    insert(table,  "12345678901", 1, 2021, 100)
    insert(table, "12345678901", 2, 2021, 200)
    insert(table, "12345678901", 3, 2021, 300)
    insert(table, "12345678901", 4, 2021, 200)
    insert(table, "12345678901", 5, 2021, 300)
    insert(table, "12345678901", 6, 2021, 350)
    insert(table, "12345678901", 7, 2021, 200)
    insert(table, "12345678901", 8, 2021, 100)
    insert(table, "12345678901", 9, 2021, 500)
    insert(table, "12345678901", 10, 2021, 300)
    insert(table, "12345678901", 11, 2021, 200)
    insert(table, "12345678901", 12, 2021, 310)
    insert(table, "12345678901", 1, 2022, 410)
    insert(table, "12345678902", 1, 2021, 310)
  end

  def scenario do
    table = ETS.Consume.start()
    ETS.Consume.populate(table)
    # ETS.Consume.list(table, "12345678901")  |> dbg()
    ETS.Consume.list_period(table, "12345678901", 1, 2021, 9, 2021)
  end
end