When you start a task under a supervisor, you’re getting better observability (via the observer) and proper graceful shutdown - when you’re shutting down your application (e.g. because you’re doing a deployment of a new version), the application will wait until the task completes. The docs for Task.start:

If the current node is shutdown, the node will terminate even if the task was not completed. For this reason, we recommend to use Task.Supervisor.start_child/2 instead, which allows you to control the shutdown time via the :shutdown option.

With just Task.start, the VM shutdown will just kill the task immediately, which means you might “loose” the webhook (Stripe won’t retry as you’ve confirmed it’s been accepted).

Moving to a Task.Supervisor is pretty straightforward:

• Add {Task.Supervisor, name: MyApp.TaskSupervisor} to your children in MyApp.Application,
• Start tasks under the supervisor with Task.Supervisor.start_child:

Task.Supervisor.start_child(MyApp.TaskSupervisor, fn ->
  IO.puts "I am running in a task"
end)

start_child seems to be what you need in your use case, but see the docs if you need to await for the result of the task.

The rule of thumb is that no task should run unsupervised (if the task completes before the code that invokes it, you should be fine with using them directly though).

But all of this won’t protect you from the VM being insta-killed from the outside (e.g. OOM killer or a deployment process that doesn’t do proper app termination) - you’re still susceptible to loosing a webhook/task in the middle of processing. The answer to that would be to use persistent background jobs for processing. Oban is an amazing tool for that - you would enqueue a job in the controller (which is really fast) and the processing will happen in the background and you get access to all the features (retries, backoff, concurrency control, monitoring, etc.) as a bonus.

Enqueueing an Oban job is really fast since it’s just a single insert into your DB, so it can be - and in this case should be - done synchronously. Yes, it introduces a small delay, but you’re winning the consistency here plus I’m sure you’ll still have plenty of time to do some more stuff in the handler if you need to. So it would be something like:

defp handle_webhook(%{type: "some.stripe.event.type"} = event) do
  event
  |> HandleStripeWebhookJob.new()
  # or Oban.insert() if you want explicit error handling, but this is unlikely to fail
  |> Oban.insert!()
end

Oban spawns a pool of workers that will process this job asynchronously in the background.

One of the coolest features of Oban is that it uses your DB and your Ecto repo, so you can insert a job from within a transaction for even more consistency. So you can store the event separately for better inspection:

defp handle_webhook(%{type: "some.stripe.event.type"} = event_data) do
  # returns {:ok, event} or {:error, reason}
  Repo.transaction(fn ->
    with {:ok, event} <- store_event(event_data),
         {:ok, _job} <- enqueue_job(event) do
      # event was stored and the job was enqueued
      # Repo.transaction will wrap "event" in an {:ok, event} tuple
      event
    else
      # something went wrong; discard the event and the job
      # Repo.transaction will wrap the "reason" in {:error, reason} tuple 
      {:error, reason} -> Repo.rollback(reason)
    end
  end)
end

defp store_event(event_data) do
  %{event_data: event_data}
  # assuming we have an Ecto schema named "Event"
  |> Event.create_changeset()
  |> Repo.insert()
end

defp enqueue_job(%Event{} = event) do
  %{event_id: event.id}
  |> HandleStripeWebhookJob.new()
  # Oban.insert is Repo.insert with extra features
  |> Oban.insert()
end

This is a great answer, thank you so much for this!

I’ve been meaning to look into Oban earlier but I was promising myself not to add unnecessary complexity until I actually needed it, so glad to see that this complexity is not all that complex — at the very basic use case at least

From the code you’ve shown, it looks OK. Although you should probably follow the docs and run your tasks under a supervisor, or better yet use something like Oban so as not to loose anything.